Aging is an unavoidable phenomenon, however, despite of age-related deterioration, the length of life is increasing systematically. Poland has been placed in the top thirty countries demographically old for years. Between 1950-2005 the share of the population aged over 64 years old grew more than twice. This results in a need to update the knowledge about physiology and changes in the body of an elderly in order to be able to predict the direction of atrophic changes and to provide proper prosthetic treatment. A proper nutrition, both quantitatively and qualitatively, determines the health of the entire body and a proper condition of the oral cavity tissues. Based on the selected literature, the article presents a view on the impact of diet components on oral cavity tissue health with a particular emphasis on the elderly population using removable prostheses. Age-related changes in the oral cavity cause a progressive tooth loss and as a consequence a need for using dental prostheses. Prosthetic dentures transfer the chewing forces to the bone through the mucous membrane. The health of these tissues is necessary for the proper stabilization and retention of the dentures, chewing efficiency and allows to use a balanced, nutritious diet.