Subjective and objective symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are common and therefore constitute a significant health issue in the general population. Studies indicate that the overall prevalence of TMD is approximately 31% on adults/elderly and 11% for children/adolescents. The etiology of these disorders is multifactorial. Okeson distinguishes five main etiological factors: occlusal conditions, trauma, stress, deep pain stimulus, and parafunctional activity.A common challenge is that the presence of an etiological factor does not always correlate with symptom manifestation. Each individual possesses adaptive capacities dependent, among others, on genetic, biological, or hormonal factors. The treatment methods for TMD are divided into definitive therapy, aimed at eliminating or modifying etiological factors, and supportive therapy, aimed at symptom reduction. The most effective treatment is an interdisciplinary, individualized approach based on the likely cause, type, and severity of symptoms. Basic types of supportive therapy include pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy. An alternative method to classical physiotherapeutic treatment is the osteopathic approach. There is ample scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of osteopathic therapy in TMD. This therapy is based on working with the patient in a holistic model, identifying dysfunctions and connections within the body that influence the disorder. The aim of this article is to present the role and efficacy of osteopathic therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. A review of PubMed and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source databases was conducted. The literature review served as the basis for the preparation of this work.