The American Academy of Sleep Medicine defines bruxism as a muscle activity manifesting itself in teeth clenching or grinding. Separate definitions have been established for both sleep (SB) and awake bruxism (AB), thus acknowledging that they are different behaviours occurring during sleep and wakefulness, respectively. There are numerous risk factors for sleep bruxism (SB) in children, but an especially important aspect in the discussion about its origins is stress. Stress as a cause of SB in children has been explored in different studies, but a definite conclusion about its significance has not yet been reached. The results from questionnaire-based research and those using polysomnography to diagnose SB do not coincide. Therefore, the literature review presented below aims to summarize the information regarding the influence of stress on sleep bruxism in children as well as its aetiology, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, etc.