Central sensitization (CS) occurs in case of many chronic pain disorders. CS takes place within the central nervous system and manifests as intensified nociceptive signaling. The increased membrane excitability and synaptic efficacy present in this neuroplastic mechanism influence the development and intensification of pain associated with temporomandibular disorders. In the following article, potential benefits of various diagnostic and therapeutic methods are presented. Traditional approaches in managing this disorder have been analyzed, as well as new, alternative, and innovative therapies that are still gaining importance in the medical fields. Diagnostic methods such as comprehensive clinical assessment, detailed history taking, and analysis of psychosocial aspects of the patient are essential components of accurate identification of the problem. To effectively alleviate symptoms related to central sensitization, a multidimensional approach is recommended, incorporating various aspects of CS. Based on numerous scientific publications, possible therapeutic approaches have been developed that may aid the dentists in alleviating symptoms associated with central sensitization. A multidisciplinary and integrated combination of psychological, physical, and pharmacological interventions appears to be the key to optimal management and reduction of symptoms associated with the presence of central sensitization in patients.